French+Revolution+and+Napoleon

= **French Revolution and Napoleon by Katelyn Bjerke, Hali Johnson, Raymond McGovern** =

"My friends, I will go to Paris with my wife & children." -King Louis XVI
== ==

__Vocab__
1) Estates- France’s population of 27 million was divided into three orders, or estates. They are called the First Estate, the Second Estate, and the Third Estate. 2) Taille- The taille is France’s chief tax. The First and Second Estates were exempt from the taille. The Second Estate had privileges including exemption from the taille. 3) Relics of feudalism- French peasants still had obligations to local landlords and serfdom no longer existed on any large scale in France; relics of feudalism are aristocratic privileges which were obligations that survived from an earlier age. 4) Bourgeoisie- The bourgeoisie is the middle class which was a part of the Third Estate. It was 8 percent of the population and owned 20 to 25 percent of land. 5) Sans-culottes- The sans-culottes were ordinary patriots without fine clothes. They wore long trousers instead of knee-length breeches. The word means “without breeches”. 6) Factions- Factions are dissenting groups over the fate of the king. The two important factions were the Girondins and the Mountain. They were members of the Jacobin. 7) Electors- The 750 members of the Council of 500 and the Council of Elders were chosen by electors, individuals qualified to vote in an election. 8) Coup d’état- A coup d’état is a sudden overthrow of the government led by Napoleon Bonaparte. It toppled the Directory and he seized power. 9) Consulate- The consulate was a new government; although theoretically it was a republic, in fact Napoleon held absolute power. He controlled the entire government. 10) Nationalism- Nationalism is the unique cultural identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols. The spirit of French nationalism made possible the mass armies of the revolutionary and Napoleonic eras.

__Links__ [|Arc de Triomph] [|Napoleon Bonaparte] [|The Reign of Terror] [|Jean-Paul Marat] [|The Jacobins] [|Louis XVI] [|The Constitution of 1791] [|Maximilien Robespierre] [|Marie Antoinette] [|Battle of Austerlitz]

Important People: 1. Napoleon Bonaparte; He was known as the ‘good emperor’, or ‘little corporal’. He took control of France, and later crowned himself Emperor 2. Marie Antoinette; She was known as ‘Madame Deficit’, and she was the wife of Louis XVI, later in life got guillotined with Louis XVI because they tried to flee to Austria. 3. Louis XVI; The French Revolution occurred during his reign. He tried to escape with Marie Antoinette to Austria but got caught and was guillotined. 4. Maximilien Robespierre; He was known as the ‘The Incorruptible’. He was the main leader of the Revolution. 5. Jean-Paul Marat:’ He was the leader of the Jacobins, he wrote a national paper that certain people didn’t like. He was later killed in the bathtub. 6.Anne-Louise Germaine de Stael; She wrote about citizens prominent writer about liberty being replaced by despotism that became growingly arbitrary. 7.Charlotte Corday; She killed Marat in the bathtub. Her famous quote was ‘I killed 1 man to save 100,000’. 8. Duke of Wellington; He was the most famous of leaders on the British and Russian combined forces for the French wars. 9. Georges Danton; He was the Minister of Justice, and he led the sans-culottes that had revenge on those who helped the King. 10. Olympe de Gouges; She was a girl who wrote plays and pamphlets and she didn’t agree with women’s rights withheld on the people.

Summary: The French Revolution had both long range problems and intermediate problems. The three estates consisted of the first, second and third estate. The first was clergy or the bishops and priests. The second had nobles and army officers. The third estate is what 97% of the population is. The main causes of the Revolution was the economic crisis, unfair social structure, and tax reformation. The move to Radicalism led to the death of Louis XVI. The reign of terror began shortly after, leaving citizens in fear. Maria Antoinette and her husband Louis XVI were both guillotined. The directory tried to keep the government the way it was but it faced difficulty. A coup d’état happened in 1799 when Napoleon became ruler. During Napoleon Bonaparte’s rule, he was considered the ‘Little Corporal’, he led the Napoleonic Age. The Napoleonic Age, 1799-1815 was a bad time for the area ofFrance. Napoleon or “little corporal” had a coup d etate and he made the consulate; where he was named first Consul. The accomplishments of the Napoleon government included the Louvre, Arc de Triumph, Cordiant of 1801, and the Napoleonic code.

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