World+War+I

=World War l by Katelyn Bjerke, Hali Johnson, & Raymond McGovern= ="Till the world comes to an end the ultimate decision will rest with the sword." -Emperor William II of Germany=

Terms: 1) Conscription- Conscription is a military draft that was established as a regular practice in most Western countries before 1914. The United States and Britain were exceptions. 2) Militarism- Militarism-aggressive preparation for war-was growing. As armies grew, so too did the influence of military leaders. 3) Mobilization- Mobilization is the process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war. In 1914, mobilization was considered an act of war. 4) Propaganda- Government propaganda are ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause-had worked in stirring up national hatreds before the war. 5) Trench warfare- The Western Front had become bogged down in trench warfare that kept both sides in virtually the same positions for four years. 6) War of Attrition- World War I had turned into a war of attrition, a war based on wearing the other side down by constant attacks and heavy losses. 7) Armistice- The new German government signed an armistice (a truce, an agreement to end the fighting). 8) Reparations- Clemenceau wanted Germany stripped of all weapons, vast German payments-reparations- to cover the costs of the war. 9) Mandates- France took control of Lebanon and Syria, and Britain received Iraq and Palestine. These acquisitions were officially called mandates. 10) Soviets- The government was also faced with a challenge to its authority- the soviets. The soviets were councils composed of representatives from the workers and soldiers.

Important People:
 * 1) Archduke Francis Ferdinand: He was the heir to the throne of Austria- Hungary. When he and his wife Sofia visited the Bosnian city of Sarajevo, a group of conspirators assassinated the Archduke and his wife on June 28, 1914, which is considered to be the starting point for WW1.
 * 2) Gaurilo Princip: A member of the conspirator group who shot and killed the Archduke and wife. The 19 year old Bosnian Serb thought he was doing the world a favor by killing them, but he never suspected it would seemingly set of WW1.
 * 3) General Alfred von Schlieffen: He was the leader of the Russian army, known for the Schlieffen plan, which called for a two front war with France and Russia, who had formed a military alliance.
 * 4) Woodrow Wilson: The United States President during the WW1, and his famous quote sad, about the men and women, ‘who remain to till the soil and man the factories are no less a part of the army than the men beneath the battle flags’.
 * 5) Erich von Ludendorff: Guided military operations for the German military; decided to make one final military gamble, a grand offense in the west to break the military statement.
 * 6) David Lloyd George: The prime Minister of Great Britain, he won a decisive victory in the elections of December 1918.His election plan was simple- make the Germans pay for the war.
 * 7) George Clemenceau: The Premier of France, he thought that the French people had suffered the most from German aggression. He wanted Germans stripped of all their weapons, make them pay reparations, and separate Rhineland.
 * 8) Admiral Holtzendorff: Assured the emperor ‘I give your majesty my word as an officer that no one American will land on the continent’, He also had said that when emperor he was still worried of the Americans getting involved with the war.
 * 9) Lawrence of Arabia: Known as this; British officer that urged Arab princes to revolt against their own warlords.
 * 10) Czar Nicholas II: He ordered partial mobilization of the Russian army against Austria- Hungary on July 28, determined to support Serbia’s cause.



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Summary: In the first half of the nineteenth century the system of Nation-states emerged in Europe, which led not to cooperation but competition. Europe’s Great Powers had divided into two loose alliances. Germany, Italy, and Austria- Hungary had formed the Triple Alliance, while France, Great Britain, and Russia combined together to form the Triple Entente. Nation desires weren’t the only problems for Europe. Social Labor Movements had grown increasingly more problematic. The growth of the Mass Armies after 1900 heightened the existing tensions. Militarism, nationalism, and the desire to stifle internal dissent may all have played a role in starting World War 1. Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife’s assassination were considered to be the main event that tipped off the world war. Before 1914, many political leaders had thought that the war involved so many political and economic risk that it would not be worth fighting. Government propaganda tried to sway the thoughts of war, from good to bad or bad to good. This also set new enthusiasm for the war. On the western front, the Germans hoped for a quick and easy end on the military gamble. But they had to survive trench warfare which killed of so many. In comparison to the Western front, the Eastern front had mobility on their side. The United States tried to remain neutral, but they decided to enter after the sinking of the British ship the Lusitania, torpedoed by German U-boats. As WW1 dragged on, it became total war. The end of the war was brought on by Peace settlements. Woodrow Wilson's’ ’14 points’ outlined what he wanted for the enormous military struggle being waged. The Paris Peace Conference delegates met and complications became obvious. National interests also complicated the conference. David Lloyd George, George Clemenceau and Wilson made the most decisions and impact at the conference. The Treaty of Versailles was the final peace settlement which the Germans were very unhappy with. WWI shattered the liberal rational society that had existed in Europe. The hope that Europe and the rest of the world would return to normal after this war was soon proven wrong.