Sceintific+Revolution+and+Enlightenment

=Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment by Katelyn Bjerke, Hali Johnson, & Raymond McGovern =

1550-1800
"I think, therefore I am."- Rene Descartes

__Terms: __
1) **Geocentric**~ The Ptolemaic system is called geocentric because it places Earth at the center of the universe. The universe is a series of concentric spheres. 2) **Heliocentric**~ Copernicus, a mathematician, came up with heliocentric, or sun-centered, idea of the universe which was more accurate than the geocentric method. 3) **Universal Law of Gravitation**~ This explains why the planetary bodies go in elliptical orbits about the Sun instead of straight lines. Every object is attracted to every other object by gravity. 4) **Rationalism**~ Rationalism is a system of thought which is based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge. 5) **Scientific Method**~ The scientific method is a systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing data. It helped the evolution of science in the modern world. 6) **Inductive Reasoning**~ Scientists should proceed from the particular to the general instead of relying on the ideas of ancient authorities. 7) **Philosophe**~ Philosophe means “philosopher”. The intellectuals of the Enlightment were known as philosophers. They were writers, professors, journalists, and social reformers. 8) **Laissez-Faire**~ It means “to let (people) do (what they want).” The state should not have anything to do with the economy and can’t impose the government regulations on the economy. 9) **Mestizos**~ Spanish rulers permitted intermarriage between Europeans and Native Americans, whose offspring became known as mestizos. 10) **Mulattoes**~ Mulattoes was the offspring of Africans and Europeans which joined other descendants to form a unique society in Latin America.

Key People: 1. Nicholas Copernicus: A native from poland, wrote the famous book //On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres,// a mathmatician, he believed in heliocentric theory <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Georgia,serif;">2.Galileo Galilei: The first European to make regular observations of the heavens using a telescope, made the dicoveries of mountains on the moon, 4 moons around Jupiter, and sunspots. <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Georgia,serif;">3. Isaac Newton: Wrote //Mathmatical Principles of National// Philosphy, discovered the Universal Law of Gravity, defined the laws of motion in his book Prinipia <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Georgia,serif;">4.John Locke: Wrote the essay //Concerning Human Understanding,//saying everyone was born with a Tabula rasa, or blank mind. <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Georgia,serif;">5. Montesquieu: Charles- Louis de Secondat, or the Baron de Montesquieu, wrote //The Spirit of the Laws,// he identified the three basic kinds of government. <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Georgia,serif;">6.Denis Diderot: went to the University of Paris, wrote the //Encyclopedia, Classified Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts, and Trades.// <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Georgia,serif;">//7.// Fredrick the Great:Considered to be one of the most educated and most cultured monarchs of the 18th century.A prussian king, tried to escape to Englad but got caught with his friend Lieutenant Hans von Katte. <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Georgia,serif;">8.Catherin The Great: Ruled Russia from 1762 to 1796, led Russia into worse conditions with her policy of not accepting the theories. <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Georgia,serif;">9.Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz: urged women to be educated, to be either nuns or teacher of somesort, Latin Americas most well known literary figures in the 17th century <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Georgia,serif;">10. Robert Wallpole: Serveed as head of cabnet, later to be called Prme Minister, and pursued peaceful foriegn policy. __Links__ [|Sir Isaac Newton] [|Galileo Galilei] [|Trial of Galileo] [|Antoine Lavoisier] [|Robert Boyle] [|Ambroise Pare] [|Anton van Leeuwenhoek] [|Nicolaus Copernicus] [|Johannes Kepler] [|Gabriel Fahrenheit]

__Summary__ The Scientific Revolution was full of Renaissance humanists. Leonardo Da Vinci, Nicholas Copernicus, Galileo, and Isaac Newton to name a few. Their discoveries helped shape the world today. The accomplishments in astronomy, medicine, chemistry, and science all led to the Enlightenment, or philosophical movement of intellectuals who were greatly impressed with the achievements of the Scientific Revolution. The Enlightenment was help brought on by the progression of the intellectuals of this era. Leonardo Da Vinci, nicknamed the most curious man alive, was a main humanist. He had made a big impact on the Scientific Revolution. Nicholas Copernicus realized that the sun was the center of the universe, compared to the other thoughts that the earth was the center. This is known as heliocentric. Galileo discovered that Jupiter has moons. Sir Isaac Newton discovered the law of Gravity when he saw an apple fall from a tree and he wondered why the apple fell. Without these discoveries the Enlightenment wouldn’t have happened. The Enlightenment intellectuals were known as philosphe. Voltaire, the greatest figure of the enlightenment, criticized Christianity. He championed deism, which was based on natural law and reason. By the late 1760’s a new generation of philosophers had been risen. Women’s Rights had been brought up through the enlightenment. Mary Wollstonecraft, the English writer, may be considered to be one of the founders of European and American Movements for Woman’s rights. The enlightenment had a huge impact on the culture too. The palace of Versailles had a big impact, the music in this era was the greatest in history of European music. Bach and Handel were big in this era. The Seven Years War had led to new allies and new wars all around the world

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