China

= China =

"Hard work for a few years, happiness for a thousand years." ~ Mao Zedong
Key People: 1. Mao Zedong: A young communist leader, chairman of the CCP, led the PLA ( Peoples Liberation Army), saw peasants as a key part to the communist revolution, had the Litttle red book that wasa keeping of his thoughts. 2. Chaing Kai- Shek: also known as Jiang Jieshi, the president of the Republic of China, the head of the Nationalist Party 3. Sun Yat- Sen: Leader of the Nationalists, founder of modern China, leader of the revolution against Manchu, and he was the founded the Guomindang. 4. Henry Pu-Yi: he was the last emperor of China, he was also the last of the Manchu Dynasty 5. Deng Xiaoping: he was the Premier of China, he led a group a practical minded group that seized power and brought the Cultural Revolution to an end. 6. Richard Nixon: he was the first U.S president to visit the Peoples Republic of China, during this visit U.S and China opened diplomatic relations 7.Dali Lama: a spiritual leader of tibet that was exiled in India and lived in the U.S., he lobbyed world leaders for Tibetan independence. 8. Henry Kissinger: he was the U.S secratary of State, he had a secret trip to China and discussed American and Chinese affairs

Terms: 1) Guerilla Tactics- Chiang's forces far outnumbered Mao's but Mao made effective use of guerilla tactics, using unexpected maneuvers like sabotage and subterfuge to fight the enemy 2) Redistribution of wealth- Chiang did not press for programs that would lead to a redistribution of wealth, the shifting of wealth from a rich minority to a poor majority 3) "New Life Movement"- Chiang set up a "New Life Movement"; it's goal was to promote traditional Confucian social ethics, such as integrity, propriety, and righteousness 4) PLA- Mao's army, the People's Liberation Army, broke through the Nationalist lines and began its famous Long March. They traveled almost 6,000 miles. 5) Shanghai Massacre- Chiang struck against the Communists and their supporters in Shanghai, killing thousands in the Shanghai Massacre. The Communist-Nationalist alliance ceased to exist. 6) Communes- Existing collective farms, normally the size of a village, were combined into vast communes. Each commune contained more than thirty thousand people who lived and worked together. 7) Permanent Revolution- In Mao's eyes, only permanent revolution, an atmosphere of constant revolutionary fervor, could enable the Chinese to overcome the past and achieve the final stage of communism. 8) Little Red Book- A collection of Mao's thoughts, called the Little Red Book, was hailed as the most important source of knowledge in all areas. 9) "Four Olds"- The "Four Olds" were known as old ideas, old culture, old customs, and old habits. The Red Guards were set out to destroy the "Four Olds". 10) Per Capita- Per capita (per person) income, including farm income, doubled during the 1980s. The standard of living rose for most people. Industrial output skyrocketed.

Summary: Revolutionary Marxism had its greatest impact in China. Two political forces began to emerge as competitors for the next rule of China after the collapse of the old order. Sun Yet-Sen and his Nationalist Party, and the Chinese Communist Party. The Chinese Revolution was started by the overthrow of Manchu, by Dr. Sun Yet- Sen. The people had three principles, Nationalism, Democracy, and Peoples Livlyhood. The two partys overlooked their differences for a time to drive out the warlords of China. Yet after they defeated the warlords the Shanghai Massacre had broke out between the Communists and Nationalists, killing thousands. The Long March had began after the Communists went into hiding after the massacre. The Communist Revolution was a battle between the Nationalists and the Communists. Mao used the peasants to win over the Nationalist and in 1949 the Communists took control over mainland China. The Peoples Republic of China had then been controlled by Mao and the Communist Party, and he then had the Liitle Red book given out. Mao thought it would be a good plan to create a ideal Communist society, called the Great Leap Forward, which developed industry and promote agriculture. This was a huge disaster for Mao. The Cultural Revolution was a new force march toward true Communism. The Red Guards were young radicals of Mao the spread the Cultural Rev. They tried to eliminate the four olds ; old ideas, old habits, old culture, and old customs. The Cold War in Asia was started by Red China signing a pact with the USSR. Korea has its own internal battle between the North that wanted Communism, and South Communism that wanted Nationalism. The Korean War then broke out, and the U.S had helped South Korea. The 1953 armistance between North and South Korea ended that and had the 38th paralled de- militarized. President Nixon then visited Red China, and in 1976 Mao died. Deng Ziaoping, successor to Mao, then established the Four Moderniizations ; industry, culture, technology, and defense. The Tianenmen Square Massacre on June 4, 1989 killed many, when chinese students demonstrated against the Chinese Government.Hong Kong was then returned to China from the British in 1997.

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